Who pays for COBRA coverage?

Beneficiaries may be required to pay for COBRA coverage. The premium cannot exceed 102 percent of the cost to the plan for similarly situated individuals who have not incurred a qualifying event, including both the portion paid by employees and any portion paid by the employer before the qualifying event, plus 2 percent for administrative costs.

For qualified beneficiaries receiving the 11 month disability extension of coverage, the premium for those additional months may be increased to 150 percent of the plan's total cost of coverage.

COBRA premiums may be increased if the costs to the plan increase but generally must be fixed in advance of each 12-month premium cycle. The plan must allow you to pay premiums on a monthly basis if you ask to do so, and the plan may allow you to make payments at other intervals (weekly or quarterly).

The initial premium payment must be made within 45 days after the date of the COBRA election by the qualified beneficiary. Payment generally must cover the period of coverage from the date of COBRA election retroactive to the date of the loss of coverage due to the qualifying event. Premiums for successive periods of coverage are due on the date stated in the plan with a minimum 30-day grace period for payments. Payment is considered to be made on the date it is sent to the plan.

If premiums are not paid by the first day of the period of coverage, the plan has the option to cancel coverage until payment is received and then reinstate coverage retroactively to the beginning of the period of coverage.

If the amount of the payment made to the plan is made in error but is not significantly less than the amount due, the plan is required to notify you of the deficiency and grant a reasonable period (for this purpose, 30 days is considered reasonable) to pay the difference. The plan is not obligated to send monthly premium notices.

COBRA beneficiaries remain subject to the rules of the plan and therefore must satisfy all costs related to co-payments and deductibles, and are subject to catastrophic and other benefit limits.

To go over your COBRA coverage or to see if you can save money by going to an individually underwritten medical insurance policy by Blue Cross and Blue Shield, please contact us at contact@fiorellainsurance.com or apply online at http://www.fiorellainsurance.com

Tropical Storm Nicole - September 27, 2010

With Tropical Storm Nicole upon us it is important to get together your policy information in the event you have damage and need to file a claim. Below is a list of Florida insurance companies and their respective claims phone numbers. Be sure to have your policy number ready if you need to call.

Homeowner Companies

American Integrity
866-277-9871

Frontline
877-744-5224

Tower Hill/ Royal Palm
800-216-3711

American Traditions
866-270-8430

First Protective/ Flood
888-486-4663

Tower Hill Flood
877-254-6819

ASI/ Ark Royal
866-274-8765

Fl. Penninsula
877-994-8368

United
800-861-4370

Bankers
800-627-0000

Hull/Geovera
800-678-4855

United Flood
800-637-3846

National Flood
800-759-8656

Universal
800-218-3206

Olympus
866-281-2242

Universal North America
866-999-0898

US Insurance Services
800-245-1505

St. Johns
877-748-2059

Citizens
866-411-2742

Southern Fidelity
866-772-4995

Sawgrass
877-853-4430

Tapco
888-437-0373

Cypress
888-352-9773

Landmark One
866-243-5163

Liberty
866-219-7100

Federated
800-293-2532

Auto Companies

AIC
800-841-5241

GMAC
800-468-3466

Safeco
800-874-7342

AIG/ 21st Century
888-244-6163

Infinity
800-334-1661

Travelers
800-252-4633

Progressive
800-274-4499

Bristol West
800-274-7865

As always, we are here to help in any way we can so please feel free to contact us with any questions.

Under COBRA, what benefits must be covered?

Qualified beneficiaries must be offered coverage identical to that available to similarly situated beneficiaries who are not receiving COBRA coverage under the plan (generally, the same coverage that the qualified beneficiary had immediately before qualifying for continuation coverage). A change in the benefits under the plan for the active employees will also apply to qualified beneficiaries. Qualified beneficiaries must be allowed to make the same choices given to non-COBRA beneficiaries under the plan, such as during periods of open enrollment by the plan. To make sure your not paying too much on your health insurance, contact us at wwww.fiorellainsurance.com today.

Can individuals qualify for longer periods of COBRA continuation coverage?

Yes, disability can extend the 18 month period of continuation coverage for a qualifying event that is a termination of employment or reduction of hours. To qualify for additional months of COBRA continuation coverage, the qualified beneficiary must:

* Have a ruling from the Social Security Administration that he or she became disabled within the first 60 days of COBRA continuation coverage
* Send the plan a copy of the Social Security ruling letter within 60 days of receipt, but prior to expiration of the 18-month period of coverage

If these requirements are met, the entire family qualifies for an additional 11 months of COBRA continuation coverage. Plans can charge 150% of the premium cost for the extended period of coverage. For more information, visit us online at www.fiorellainsurance.com or call us at 772-283-0003.

Is a flood covered under my homeowners policy?

No, a standard homeowners policy does not include flood coverage. Flood is an inexpensive yet separate policy that is underwritten through FEMA and the rates are standardized so no matter what company your policy is through, the premium is the same. If your property is not in a flood zone, rates are as follows:

Building/Contents Premium

$20,000/$8,000 $119
$30,000/$12,000 $150
$50,000/$20,000 $201
$75,000/$30,000 $237
$100,000/$40,000 $264
$125,000/$50,000 $284
$150,000/$60,000 $303
$200,000/$80,000 $333
$250,000/$100,000 $355

For more information, or to see if you are covered, contact us at www.fiorellainsurance.com

How long after a qualifying event do I have to elect COBRA coverage?

Qualified beneficiaries must be given an election period during which each qualified beneficiary may choose whether to elect COBRA coverage. Each qualified beneficiary may independently elect COBRA coverage. A covered employee or the covered employee's spouse may elect COBRA coverage on behalf of all other qualified beneficiaries. A parent or legal guardian may elect on behalf of a minor child. Qualified beneficiaries must be given at least 60 days for the election. This period is measured from the later of the coverage loss date or the date the COBRA election notice is provided by the employer or plan administrator. The election notice must be provided in person or by first class mail within 14 days after the plan administrator receives notice that a qualifying event has occurred.

Note: If your qualifying event was involuntary termination of employment that occurred on or after September 1, 2008 through February 16, 2009, you may go online to www.fiorellainsurance.com or call 772-283-0003 to speak to a Benefits Advisor.

Why did my auto insurance rates go up after a ticket even though I went to traffic school?

The short answer to this question is that traffic school does nothing for you except remove the points from your license. It is a fallacy that your insurance company will not find out about a ticket if you go to school; school or not, your rates will increase by the same amount. Unless you are about to lose your license for too many points, don’t bother going to traffic school…and definitely don’t do it save your auto rates. For a free no hassle quote, contact us online at www.fiorellainsurance.com

Why did my auto insurance rates go up after an accident that wasn’t even my fault?

Unfortunately, from an auto insurance perspective, an accident effects your rates regardless of fault. It doesn’t seem right, but it’s just the way it is.

To find out more or to get a new quote on your Florida Insurance, go to www.fiorellainsurance.com.

Why is my homeowner’s insurance company requiring me to have a fence or screen enclosure around my pool when my pool complies with all county codes?

This is a very good question that comes up a lot. As a general rule, all insurance companies require that a swimming pool be enclosed by a 4 foot, permanent fence or a screen enclosure, regardless of whether or not your county code requires it. And a baby fence does not qualify as it is not a permanently installed fence. This causes a problem for many homeowners and the only real option is to either purchase a homeowners policy that excludes pool liability or to bite the bullet and install a fence. For more information contact us online or email contact@fiorellainsurance.com.

“Why did my insurance company send an inspector to look at my property?”

This is a common practice for all insurance companies. When a new policy is issued, and normally upon policy renewal, Insurance companies will send a representative to your property to perform an EXTERIOR inspection on your house. The purpose of this inspection is to make sure the property is in good condition and there is no existing damage or liability risks. Do not be alarmed, you have done nothing wrong, this is common industry practice. Once again, this is an EXTERIOR inspection only and no one should request to come into your house.

With hurricane season upon us and the impending Tropical Storm, Bonnie, it is important to get together your policy information in the event you have damage and need to file a claim. Below is a list of Florida insurance companies and their respective claims phone numbers. Be sure to have your policy number ready if you need to call.

Homeowner Companies

American Integrity
866-277-9871

Frontline
877-744-5224

Tower Hill/ Royal Palm
800-216-3711

American Traditions
866-270-8430

First Protective/ Flood
888-486-4663

Tower Hill Flood
877-254-6819

ASI/ Ark Royal
866-274-8765

Fl. Penninsula
877-994-8368

United
800-861-4370

Bankers
800-627-0000

Hull/Geovera
800-678-4855

United Flood
800-637-3846

National Flood
800-759-8656

Universal
800-218-3206

Olympus
866-281-2242

Universal North America
866-999-0898

US Insurance Services
800-245-1505

St. Johns
877-748-2059

Citizens
866-411-2742

Southern Fidelity
866-772-4995

Sawgrass
877-853-4430

Tapco
888-437-0373

Cypress
888-352-9773

Landmark One
866-243-5163

Liberty
866-219-7100

Federated
800-293-2532

Auto Companies

AIC
800-841-5241

GMAC
800-468-3466

Safeco
800-874-7342

AIG/ 21st Century
888-244-6163

Infinity
800-334-1661

Travelers
800-252-4633

Progressive
800-274-4499

Bristol West
800-274-7865

As always, we are here to help in any way we can so please feel free to contact us with any questions.

More Options For Blue To Help You

Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Florida, Inc. (BCBSF) puts health care in the palm of Floridians' hands with the launch of its new mobile website. The company's latest innovation is designed to help consumers save time and money, and can be accessed from any Smartphone including the latest Blackberry, iPhone, Droid and even the iPad. By simply typing www.bcbsfl.com into their mobile browser, members and non-members can easily get important health information and tools, as well as details about their plan and coverage benefits.

Now with just one click members can view their ID card and get instant snapshots of their plan benefits, Health Savings Account (HSA) balance and more. Members can also utilize the mobile website site to find a doctor based on their current GPS location, review details for that provider such as office hours, language spoken and map directions to their office. If a member leaves the doctor's office with a prescription in hand, they can save money by comparing drug costs at local pharmacies.

To learn more see this video or to get a free quote on any other products from Blue Cross Blue Shield,call us toll free at 1-800-509-2844 or contact us today.

www.fiorellainsurance.com

Congress Reauthorizes the NFIP until September 30, 2010

As anticipated, the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) funding has once again been extended until September 30, 2010 in the latest extension granted by Congress until they can consider more meaningful changes to the Federal flood insurance program.

The Senate last night passed/adopted H.R. 5569 by unanimous consent and it is anticipated to be signed into law by the President today. The bill includes retroactive funding to cover the hiatus that began on June 1 when the NFIP program was allowed to lapse.

“During the lapse in the NFIP, Fidelity has been accepting new business applications and premium and taking all available steps to proactively handle flood insurance transactions as much as possible under the guidance of the NFIP and will now move forward to issue those policy transactions on hold pending the authorization”, stated Fidelity VP and NFIP Program Coordinator, Patty Templeton-Jones.

Renewal billings that have been on hold will be sent out immediately.

Fidelity National Property and Casualty Insurance Group is the largest provider of NFIP flood policies in the U.S. The National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP), a component of FEMA, provides flood insurance in more than 20,000 communities across the United States.

For further information, contact customer service via www.fiorellainsurance.com

Save up to 35% on premium costs!

New tax credit can help you continue to offer valuable health coverage to your employees!

Good news! You may be one of the many small businesses that now qualify for a special tax credit because you provide employee health insurance. The tax credit is a great incentive to help you start or continue to offer and pay for coverage.

See if you qualify. Tax credits of up to 35% of the cost of premiums are available this year and will reach up to 50% in 2014. Start by answering these three simple questions:

1. Do you have less than 25 employees?

2. Do your employees have an average annual salary of less than $50,000?

3. 3 Do you pay at least 50% of the cost of your employee health premiums?

If you answered “yes” to all three questions, you might qualify for a tax credit of up to a 35% of your 2010 premium contributions.

How does it work?

Let’s look at the Clark Family Fish Market example.

Number of full-time employees - 10
Average annual wage - $22,000 per worker
Average employee-only insurance premium - $430 ($5,160 annually)
Employer cost for health insurance at 50% contribution -($2,580 employee) $25,800

2010 tax credit for premium contributions - $9,030 (35% of $25,800)

How much can you save?

By taking advantage of our wide range of affordable, flexible health benefit plans and this tax credit, you can help keep your employees happy and healthy while you save money.

We’re here to help. Contact us for more information on how you can improve your bottom line in 2010.

Florida and Flood Insurance

The statutory authority to issue flood policies pursuant to the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) expired at midnight, Monday May 31, 2010. This lapse in the NFIP statutory authority has an impact on the ability of companies to issue new policies, and process some renewal payments and increase in coverage endorsements. This hiatus is expected to last until at least June 8th.
Until the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) is renewed by Congress, each lender has the authority to determine how they will handle the hiatus. In some instances, lenders will close the loans and not require flood insurance for closing since it is currently unavailable. Other lenders will opt to close the loan with a copy of the check and the application since the policy cannot be issued. In some cases, lenders will not close a loan. Contact www.fiorellainsurance.com or call us at 772-283-0003 to learn more.

Northern Capital Clients

Dear Valued Clients:

We regret to inform you that Northern Capital has become financially unstable and we need to move your policy to an alternate company as soon as possible.

More information can be accessed by viewing this link:

< http://content.usatoday.net/dist/custom/gci/InsidePage.aspx?cId=tallahassee&sParam=33222905.story >

We are working on finding alternatives for you and will be contacting you shortly. As always, if you have any questions please feel free to contact us on the web at or (772) 283-0003 in Stuart or (772) 335-0900 in Port St. Lucie.

http://www.fiorellainsurance.com/

Health Insurance Reform and Florida

Fiorella Insurance wants to let you know some of the facts regarding the new law in health insurance. For more information or to get a quote, go to www.fiorellainsurance.com or call 772-283-0003.

The new law expands coverage to millions of Americans, reduces premiums and out-of-picket costs, and provides the security of knowing that if you lose your job, change your job, or start that new business, you’ll always be able to purchase quality, affordable care in a new competitive health insurance market that keeps costs down.

Under reform in Florida:

• 4 million residents who do not currently have insurance and 1.1 million residents who have nongroup insurance could get affordable coverage through the health insurance exchange.
• 2.5 million residents could qualify for premium tax credits to help them purchase health coverage.
• 3.2 million seniors would receive free preventive services.
• 565,000 seniors would have their brand-name drug costs in the Medicare Part D “doughnut hole” halved.
• 216,000 small businesses could be helped by a small business tax credit to make premiums more affordable.

Health Insurance Reform Provides Early Relief and Health Security.
Proposals implemented in 2010 and 2011 will produce real benefits for:

• Families: The 18.3 million residents of Florida will benefit as reform:
  • Ensures consumer protections in the insurance market. Insurance companies will no longer be able to place lifetime limits on the coverage they provide, use of annual limits will be restricted, and they will not be able to arbitrarily drop coverage.
  • Creates immediate options for people who can’t get insurance today. 10 percent of people in Florida have diabetes², and 28 percent have high blood pressure³ – two conditions that insurance companies could use as a reason to deny health insurance coverage. Reform will establish a high-risk pool to enable people who cannot get insurance today to find an affordable health plan.
  • Ensures free preventive services. 36 percent of Florida residents have not had a colorectal cancer screening, and 18 percent of women over 50 have not had a mammogram in the past two years.⁴ Health insurance reform will ensure that people can access preventive services for free through their health plans. It will also invest in a prevention and public health fund to encourage prevention and wellness programs.
  • Supports health coverage for early retirees. An estimated 294,000 people from Florida have early retiree coverage through their former employers, but early retiree coverage has eroded over time.⁵ A reinsurance program would stabilize early retiree coverage and provide premium relief to both early retirees and the workers in the firms that provide their health benefits. This could save families up to $1,200 on premiums.
• Seniors: Florida’s 3.2 billion Medicare beneficiaries⁶ will benefit as reform:
  • Lowers premiums by reducing Medicare’s overpayments to private plans. All Medicare beneficiaries pay the price of excessive overpayments through higher premiums – even the 72 percent of seniors in Florida who are not enrolled in a Medicare Advantage plan.⁷ A typical couple in traditional Medicare will pay nearly $90 in additional Medicare premiums next year to subsidize these private plans.⁸ Health insurance reform clamps down on these excessive payments.
  • Reduces prescription drug spending. Roughly 565,000 Medicare beneficiaries in Florida hit the “doughnut hole,” or gap in Medicare Part D drug coverage that can cost some seniors an average of $4,080 per year.⁹ Reform legislation will provide a 50 percent discount for brand-name drugs in this coverage gap.
  • Covers free preventive services. Currently, seniors in Medicare must pay part of the cost of many preventive services on their own. For a colonoscopy that costs $715, this means that a senior must pay $165¹⁰ – a price that can be prohibitively expensive. Under reform, a senior will not pay anything for that colonoscopy, or for any other recommended preventive service. A senior will also get free annual wellness visits to his or her provider, with a personalized prevention plan to remain in good health.
• Small businesses: While small businesses make up 76 percent of Florida’s businesses, only 42 percent of them offered health coverage benefits in 2008.¹¹ 216,000 small businesses in Florida could be helped by a small businesses tax credit proposal that makes premiums more affordable.¹² And these small businesses would be exempt from any employer responsibility provisions.
• States: State budgets will be relieved from rising health care costs as reform:
  • Reduces state employee premiums. Coverage would immediately be expanded to the uninsured, decreasing the amount of uncompensated care costs that gets shifted to the premiums of state employees. For states that provide early retiree health benefits to their state employees, a reinsurance program would provide premium relief of up to $1,200 per family policy per year for all employees.
  • Reduces uncompensated care. Right now, providers in Florida lose $3.5 billion in uncompensated care each year,¹³ which states subsidize at least in part. Instead, under reform, uncompensated care would begin to be reduced immediately as more uninsured people gain coverage.

Health Insurance Reform Provides Stability, Security, and Choice.

• Provides relief from rising health care costs.
  • Ends the “hidden tax”. The $3.5 billion spent on uncompensated care in Florida often gets passed along to families in the form of a hidden premium “tax”.¹⁴ By expanding coverage to the uninsured, health insurance reform will eliminate this burden on people who already have insurance.
  • Provides premium tax credits. Without reform, individuals and families in Florida will spend increasing amounts of money out-of-pocket to cover premiums, deductibles, and co-payments, from $19.4 billion today to up to $35.4 billion in 2019.¹⁵ Through health insurance reform, 2.5 million Florida residents could be eligible for premium credits to ease the burden of these high costs.¹⁶
• Promotes health insurance portability and choice. Health insurance reform establishes a health insurance exchange that will provide individuals with a wide variety of choices and ensure that they will always have coverage, whether they change jobs, lose a job, move or get sick.
  • Currently 4 million residents of Florida do not have health insurance, and if nothing is done, by 2019 this population could swell to 5.9 million. The exchange will help the uninsured to obtain needed coverage and will also help the 1.1 million Florida residents who currently purchase insurance in the individual insurance market to get quality coverage at an affordable price.¹⁷
• Supports long-term home and community based services: It is estimated that 65 percent of those who are 65 today will spend some time at home in need of long-term care services,¹⁸ which typically cost almost $18,000 per year.¹⁹ This means that 1.5 million older residents of Florida who are aged 55 to 64 today will need home health services after they turn 65²⁰ – services that are not always covered by Medicare, Medicaid, or private health insurance.
  • Health insurance reform will create a new voluntary long-term care services insurance program, which will provide a cash benefit to help seniors and people with disabilities obtain services and supports that will enable them to remain in their homes and communities.
  • Reform will encourage states to expand their home and community based services through Medicaid by providing enhanced funding, and it will create a program to provide community support services for disabled Medicaid enrollees who would otherwise need to be in a nursing home. These programs could help improve care for many of the 488,000 disabled Medicaid beneficiaries in Florida.²¹

Health Insurance Reform Improves Quality and Reforms the Delivery System.

• Reduces preventable readmissions. The current health care system does not place enough emphasis on improving quality of care. For example, nearly 20 percent of Medicare patients who are discharged from the hospital end up being readmitted within 30 days.²² For Florida, that’s 167,000 readmissions each year which could potentially be prevented with improved care coordination.²³ Health insurance reform will invest in innovations in primary care and will provide financial incentives to hospitals to better coordinate care at discharge to avoid preventable readmissions.
• Lessens Paperwork. Physicians spend on average about 140 hours and $68,000 a year just dealing with health insurance bureaucracy.²⁴ For the 58,565 physicians in Florida, this adds up to 8.2 million hours and $3.9 billion in costs.²⁵ By simplifying and standardizing paperwork and computerizing medical records, doctors will be able to focus on caring for their patients instead of dealing with bureaucracy.
• Incentivizes primary care. Roughly 21,700 doctors in Florida practice primary care and would qualify for a new 5 to 10 percent payment bonus under health insurance reform.²⁶
• Invests in the health primary care. Approximately 2.8 million people, or 15 percent of Florida’s population, cannot access a primary care provider due to shortages in their communities.²⁷ Health insurance reform will expand and improve programs to increase the number of health care providers, including doctors, nurses, and dentists, especially in rural and other underserved areas.

---

¹ Garrett B, Hoalan J, Doan L et al. The Cost of Failure to Enact Health Reform: Implications for States. September 2009.
² Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey Data. Atlanta, Georgia: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2008.
³ Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey Data. Atlanta, Georgia: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2007.
⁴ Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey Data. Atlanta, Georgia: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2007.
⁵ Kaiser Family Foundation. 2009 Employer Health Benefits Survey.
⁶ Kaiser State Health Facts. http://www.statehealthfacts.org/comparetable.jsp?ind=353&cat=7.
⁷ Kaiser State Health Facts. http://www.statehealthfacts.org/comparetable.jsp?ind=353&cat=7.
⁸ Rick Foster, Office of the Actuary, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Letter to Congressman Stark, June 25, 2009.
⁹ Office of the Actuary. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services.
¹⁰ Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services.
¹¹ Center for Financing, Access and Cost Trends, AHRQ, Medical Expenditure Panel Survey - Insurance Component, 2008, Table II.A.2.
¹² Center for Financing, Access and Cost Trends, AHRQ, Medical Expenditure Panel Survey - Insurance Component, 2008.
¹³ Hospital uncompensated care cost is estimated using a GAO model and the Hospital Cost Reports. Total uncompensated care is computed as hospital uncompensated care divided by 63% (Hadley and Holahan’s study on “The Cost of Care for the Uninsured” for Kaiser in 2004 found that hospitals account for 63% of total uncompensated care). Data expressed in 2009 dollars using Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, “National Health Expenditure Data.”
¹⁴ Hospital uncompensated care cost is estimated using a GAO model and the Hospital Cost Reports. Total uncompensated care is computed as hospital uncompensated care divided by 63% (Hadley and Holahan’s study on “The Cost of Care for the Uninsured” for Kaiser in 2004 found that hospitals account for 63% of total uncompensated care). Data expressed in 2009 dollars using Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, “National Health Expenditure Data.”
¹⁵ Garrett B, Hoalan J, Doan L et al. The Cost of Failure to Enact Health Reform: Implications for States. September 2009.
¹⁶ U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey. Annual Social and Economic Supplements, March 2007 and 2008.
¹⁷ Garrett B, Hoalan J, Doan L et al. The Cost of Failure to Enact Health Reform: Implications for States. September 2009.
¹⁸ Kemper P, Komisar H, Alecxih L. Long-term care over an uncertain future: What can current retirees expect? Inquiry 2005; 42(4): 335-350.
¹⁹ National Clearinghouse for Long-Term Care Information. http://www.longtermcare.gov/LTC/Main_Site/Understanding_Long_Term_Care/Costs_Paying/index.aspx
²⁰ U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey. Annual Social and Economic Supplements, March 2008 and 2009.
²¹ Based on CBOs estimated Federal Outlays. Allocated by state using disabled Medicaid enrollees by state from Kaiser Family Foundation statehealthfacts.org.
²² Jencks SF, Williams MV, Coleman EA. Rehospitalizations among patients in the Medicare fee-for-service program. NEJM 2009;360:1418-28.
²³ Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services.
²⁴ Casalino LP, Nicholson S, Gans DN, et al. What Does It Cost Physician Practices To Interact With Health Insurance Plans? Health Affairs, July/August 2009; 28(4): w533-w543.
²⁵ American Medical Association, Physicians Professional Data, year of data 2008, copyright 2008: Special Data Request.
²⁶ American Medical Association, Physicians Professional Data, year of data 2008, copyright 2008: Special Data Request.
²⁷ Office of Shortage Designation, Bureau of Health Professions, Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), Special Data Request, April 2009.